François-Pierre-Gontier de Biran (1766–1824), known as Maine de Biran, was a French philosopher. Although he was described by Henry Bergson as the greatest French philosopher since the Seventeenth Century, Biran’s work has received scant attention from American and English scholars. Biran was concerned to present the case for an Empiricism that did not try to explain away either inner or outer experience, but which saw both as equally necessary for a doctrine of the source of human knowledge. Deleuze mentions Maine de Biran briefly in The Movement-Image, pp. 98-99.

Biran’s twelve-volume complete works, edited by Pierre Tisserand, were published by Vrin. The only book-length publication of Maine de Biran’s work currently available in English is The Relationship between the Physical and the Moral in Man, edited and translated by Darian Meacham and Joseph Spadola, London, Oxford, New York, New Delhi, Sydney: Bloomsbury Academic, 2016.