Lev Isaakovich Shestov (1866-1938), or Léon Chestov in French, was a Russian existentialist and religious philosopher, best known for his critiques of both philosophic rationalism and scientism. His works include studies on Dostoyevsky, Nietzsche and Kierkegaard. See Lev Shestov, Athens and Jerusalem, (Trans. Bernard Martin) Athens, Ohio UP, 1966.