March 26, 1985

So, we saw this slightly unusual author among linguists, Gustave Guillaume, offering us an idea. And you already sense that it is complicated because of this idea: Is it in linguistics the maintenance of a certain tradition that linguists usually rejected? Is it, on the contrary, a new way of posing linguistic problems? Or is it both? It may well be that they are both at once. In any case, it’s a very particular point of view consisting in telling us that, in a certain way, there is a pre-linguistic material. … That’s why I made the connection with Hjelmslev. However pure a linguist he is, when Hjelmslev tells us, “there is form and substance, in language, substance being a formed matter”, but adds that, henceforth, there is of course in any mode at, one that’s very complicated, an unformed non-linguistic matter that language presupposes, an unformed non-linguistic matter, then I am saying that Hjelmslev remains very discreet on this matter. It is like a linguistic presupposition, whereas Gustave Guillaume is much less discreet. He tells us that there is “a signified of power”. And this “signified of power” is truly pre-linguistic material.

Seminar Introduction

As he starts the fourth year of his reflections on relations between cinema and philosophy, Deleuze explains that the method of thought has two aspects, temporal and spatial, presupposing an implicit image of thought, one that is variable, with history. He proposes the chronotope, as space-time, as the implicit image of thought, one riddled with philosophical cries, and that the problematic of this fourth seminar on cinema will be precisely the theme of “what is philosophy?’, undertaken from the perspective of this encounter between the image of thought and the cinematographic image.

For archival purposes, the English translations are based on the original transcripts from Paris 8, all of which have been revised with reference to the BNF recordings available thanks to Hidenobu Suzuki, and with the generous assistance of Marc Haas.

English Translation

Edited

Sergei Eisenstein’s Battleship Potemkin, 1925

 

Deleuze announces that the class will first complete the transition from the linguistic and semio-critical review and then shift to discussion of the intersection between visual and sound elements. He thus continues with the linguistics of Gustave Guillaume and Hjelmslev, their different concepts corresponding to “processes of thought-movement”, with verbs producing processes of “chrono-genesis”. After arguing that Guillaume’s system of differential-inclusive oppositions had significant subsequent consequences for semiology and post-structuralist linguistics, Deleuze presents his own doubts about three key points of semiology’s take on cinema, arguing for “pure semiotics” operating with images, signs, and non-language processes determining these images and signs, creating something “utterable” (énoncable). This “anti-semiological semiotics” is one developing a Bergsonian process of thought-movement on which instantaneous views are obtained. Deleuze then shifts to the second phase, to study what a properly cinematographic image is and what its relation is with non-language processes both in silent and sound films, also announcing possible interventions after the Easter break (e.g., Giorgio Passerone, Eric Alliez). He then forecasts development in coming session of the cinematographic statement’s three key stages (silent cinema with reference to Soviet, American, and French examples; spoken cinema part 1, pre-World War II; and post-War cinema). He starts here with the silent era’s successive visual facets (e.g., images and intertitles), and concludes with Benveniste’s distinction of story plane (corresponding to the historical visual image) and discourse plane (non-historical visual image), understood in terms of the passage from readable and visible silent cinema into the intertwining of these within the phases of spoken cinema. [Much of the later section’s development corresponds to The Time-Image, chapter 9.]

 

Gilles Deleuze

Seminar on Cinema and Thought, 1984-1985

Lecture 17, 26 March 1985 (Cinema Course 83)

Transcription: La voix de Deleuze, John Stetter, relecture : Stephanie Lemoine (Part 1), Mélanie Pétrémont (Part 2) and Mélanie Petrémont (Part 3); additional revisions to the transcription and time stamp, Charles J. Stivale

English Translation Forthcoming

Deleuze Notebook 01
Image from Deleuze’s Notebook.

 

Deleuze Notebook 02
Image from Deleuze’s Notebook

 

Notes

For archival purposes, the augmented version of the complete transcription with time stamp was completed in September 2021. Additional revisions were added in February 2024.

Lectures in this Seminar

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