March 12, 1985

The point of departure for semiocriticism, I insist on this: cinema’s basis is not movement; it’s narration. For they absolutely need this, because if they said cinema’s basis is movement, at that point, we understand that there would be no more semiocriticism, that is, there would be no linguistic point of view on cinema, or at least the linguistic point of view on the cinema would appear under completely different conditions. What seemed to us to be the basic act of semiocriticism is very deliberately their putting movement in parentheses by saying: “it’s not movement that can define the cinematographic image”. They do not deny that the cinematographic image is in motion, but once again, they go so far as to say that this is not what distinguishes the cinematographic image from the photo. The distinction between the cinematographic image and the photo, according to [Christian] Metz — here the texts are formal, however astonishing they may be – it’s that the cinematographic image is narrative while the photo is not narrative.

Seminar Introduction

As he starts the fourth year of his reflections on relations between cinema and philosophy, Deleuze explains that the method of thought has two aspects, temporal and spatial, presupposing an implicit image of thought, one that is variable, with history. He proposes the chronotope, as space-time, as the implicit image of thought, one riddled with philosophical cries, and that the problematic of this fourth seminar on cinema will be precisely the theme of “what is philosophy?’, undertaken from the perspective of this encounter between the image of thought and the cinematographic image.

For archival purposes, the English translations are based on the original transcripts from Paris 8, all of which have been revised with reference to the BNF recordings available thanks to Hidenobu Suzuki, and with the generous assistance of Marc Haas.

English Translation

Edited

 

Jean-Luc Godard’s Pierrot le fou

Deleuze pursues the study of Metz’s semiocriticism (cf. previous session) by recalling the three basic elements of Metz’s semiocriticism, notably cinematographic language existing through a double articulation (monemes and phonemes) according to syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations, detailing the eight autonomous segments of Metz’s Grand Syntagmatic. He notes Metz’s movement away from Hollywood’s “cinema of narration” toward “New Wave” while ironically maintaining that this cinema is absolutely narrative as well. Noting Robbe-Grillet’s term “dys-narrative”, Deleuze argues that the paradigm wins over the syntagma in this cinema and then develops the “codes” that work through the cinema image, with code(s) of montage as  all-encompassing. Based on this outline, Deleuze starts to explain his misgivings about Metz’s perspective, first, regarding narration as so-called “fact” with the complete elimination of movement; second, regarding the cinematographic image as an analogical statement or image. [Much of the later development corresponds to The Time-Image, chapter 6.]

 

Gilles Deleuze

Seminar on Cinema and Thought, 1984-1985

Lecture 15, 12 March 1985 (Cinema Course 81)

Transcription: La voix de Deleuze, Charline Guillaume (Part 1), Charlène Thevenier (Part 2) and Nadia Ouis (Part 3); additional revisions to the transcription and time stamp, Charles J. Stivale

English Translation Forthcoming

Notes

For archival purposes, the augmented version of the complete transcription with time stamp was completed in September 2021. Additional revisions were added in February 2024.

Lectures in this Seminar

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