October 30, 1984

If it’s true that thought presupposes an image of thought, is there not and in what form an encounter between the image, not an identification, an encounter between the image of thought and the cinematographic image? You see that my starting point is extremely simple: all thought presupposes an image of thought. Henceforth, what encounter is there, if there is one, between the image of thought and the cinematographic image? This is the starting point from which we can build our program.

Seminar Introduction

As he starts the fourth year of his reflections on relations between cinema and philosophy, Deleuze explains that the method of thought has two aspects, temporal and spatial, presupposing an implicit image of thought, one that is variable, with history. He proposes the chronotope, as space-time, as the implicit image of thought, one riddled with philosophical cries, and that the problematic of this fourth seminar on cinema will be precisely the theme of “what is philosophy?’, undertaken from the perspective of this encounter between the image of thought and the cinematographic image.

For archival purposes, the English translations are based on the original transcripts from Paris 8, all of which have been revised with reference to the BNF recordings available thanks to Hidenobu Suzuki, and with the generous assistance of Marc Haas.

English Translation

Edited
Bresson, Pickpocket
Robert Bresson, Pickpocket, 1959.

 

After outlining the work of the previous three years, Deleuze states that the fourth year theme will “what is philosophy?” through an encounter between cinema and philosophy, that is, the thought-image. Proposing the existence of a basic “image of thought” as “chronotope”, Deleuze addresses the encounter between the image of thought and the cinematographic image by reviewing pioneers of the cinematographic image and theory (Eisenstein, Gance, Epstein), with critical references to Serge Daney and Louis Schefer, from four points of view – quantitative, qualitative, relational, and modal. As these pioneers were belittled by modern sources, Deleuze considers the intersection of linguistically inspired semiology in cinema (cf. Christian Metz), and linkages between the State and cinema, war and cinema, propaganda, and Hollywood (cf. Elie Faure, Paul Virilio, and Daney). With Godard as an example of a filmmaker translating thought through cinema, Deleuze sees this example as the new alliance between thought and cinema following World War II. Then, after devoting an hour to how cinema emerged particularly through the “automatism” of the movement-image, Deleuze shifts toward thought itself, through examining different psychological and artistic precedents (cf. Pierre Janet; Clérambault; Surrealists’ automatic writing, Joycean interior monologue) as well as particular cinema examples (cf. Eisenstein, Welles, Resnais). Seeking a parallel path in the logical order of thoughts flowing into thinking and consciousness, Deleuze derives from Spinoza the “spiritual automaton”, e.g., Paul Valéry’s Monsieur Teste as well as, in cinema, Pasolini and Bresson. [With session 2, this session follows to a great extent the material developed in The Time-Image. chapter 7, “Thought and Cinema.”]

 

Gilles Deleuze

Seminar on Cinema and Thought, 1984-1985

Lecture 01, 30 October 1984 (Cinema Course 67)

Transcription: La voix de Deleuze [transcribers not attributed]; additional revisions to the transcription and time stamp, Charles J. Stivale

English Translation Forthcoming

Notes

For archival purposes, the augmented and new time stamped version of the complete transcription was completed in August 2021. Additional revisions were added in February 2024, May 2024, and, thanks to the translators’ corrections, in October 2024.

Lectures in this Seminar

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Reading Date: October 30, 1984
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