November 13, 1984

Thought has always presupposed an image of thought which preceded any method, that is, which preexisted any explicit process of thought. It presupposes its own image. And I said that our problem is really: under what conditions is created and in what form can be accomplished an encounter between the automatic image and the image of thought, once it’s said that “automatic image” seemed to me the most general definition of the cinema image?

Seminar Introduction

As he starts the fourth year of his reflections on relations between cinema and philosophy, Deleuze explains that the method of thought has two aspects, temporal and spatial, presupposing an implicit image of thought, one that is variable, with history. He proposes the chronotope, as space-time, as the implicit image of thought, one riddled with philosophical cries, and that the problematic of this fourth seminar on cinema will be precisely the theme of “what is philosophy?’, undertaken from the perspective of this encounter between the image of thought and the cinematographic image.

For archival purposes, the English translations are based on the original transcripts from Paris 8, all of which have been revised with reference to the BNF recordings available thanks to Hidenobu Suzuki, and with the generous assistance of Marc Haas.

English Translation

Edited
Cassavetes, Love Streams
John Cassavetes and Gena Rowlands in Cassavetes’ Love Streams (1984).

 

After clarifying a number of points already considered (e.g., the description of the image of thought as chronotope or space-time), Deleuze develops the two aspects of the method its “order of reasons”, hence in temporal fashion (example: Descartes) and its spatial aspect fulfilled through its own methodical distribution, seeking truth through three different methods (cf. Plato, Descartes and Kant). As in the previous session, he analyzes four mutations on the levels of the image of thought and of cinema. For the first mutation — substitution of knowledge by belief – Deleuze considers the image of thought developed by several philosophers and artists (notably, Aristotle, Saint Thomas, Claudel), and with Kant, this model’s rupture creates the modern circumstance of humans losing belief in this world, notably through three forms examined previously: pure optical and sound situations, indifferent events, and empty or disconnected spaces. He draws on successive authors a) to illustrate this rupture and possible revival of belief in the world (cf. Rossellini and Godard); b) to consider the second mutation of thought as “giving oneself a body” (cf. Artaud, Spinoza, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Brecht). Deleuze concludes that bodily postures are genetic elements of belief, hence leading to a cinema of attitudes of the body, but he also notes that the ceremonial or daily version of the gestus in certain experimental films risks eliminating it (the gestus) altogether. [Much of this development corresponds to The Time-Image, chapters 7 & 8.]

 

Gilles Deleuze

Seminar on Cinema and Thought, 1984-1985

Lecture 03, 13 November 1984 (Cinema Course 69)

Transcription: La voix de DeleuzeJulien Denoual (1ère partie), Julien Quelennec (2ème partie), et Laura Cecilia Nicolas (3ème partie); additional revisions to the transcription and time stamp, Charles J. Stivale

English Translation Forthcoming

Notes

For archival purposes, the augmented and new time stamped version of the complete transcription was completed in August 2021. Additional revisions were added in February 2024 and, thanks to the translators’ corrections, in December 2024.

Lectures in this Seminar

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Reading Date: October 30, 1984
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Reading Date: November 6, 1984
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Reading Date: November 13, 1984
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